Species

Nymphoides geminata

Etymology

geminata: twinned

Common Name(s)

marshwort, entire marshwort

Authority

Nymphoides geminata (R. Br.) Kuntze

Family

Menyanthaceae

Brief Description

Floating leaved aquatic plant with 'lily' shaped leaves and yellow flowers, that can develop dense stands in still and slow flowing waters.

Flora Category

Vascular - Exotic

Structural Class

Dicotyledonous Herbs other than Composites

Distribution

Locally naturalised, Auckland to Canterbury, eradicated from most known sites.

Habitat

Still and slow flowing water bodies.

Features

Underwater stem creeping or floating near the surface, with leaves and roots at each note. The leaves are heart-shaped and up to 10 cm across, bright green on upperside and often pinkish on the underside. The main vein is indistinct. Flowers are bright yellow 2.5-3.5cm wide, with 5 petals that have fringed marginal wings. Flowers found above the water surface on long stalks that grow in pairs from short leafless side stems.

Similar Taxa

Fringed water lily (Nymphoides peltata), water poppy (Hydrocleys nymphoides), water lily (Nymphaea spp.), and yellow water lily (Nuphar lutea). Fringed water lily has leaves with scalloped margins, whereas marshwort has entire leaf margins. Yellow water lily has very thick spongy stolons (up to 10 cm) and much larger floating leaves (up to 40 cm long and 30 cm wide). Water lily has a larger leaf with a distinct main vein. Water poppy has an ovate leaf with an inflated mid-vein on the underside.

Flowering

November, December, January, February, March, April.

Flower Colours

Yellow

Fruiting

Not known to fruit in New Zealand

Year Naturalised

1985

Origin

Australia

Reason for Introduction

Ornamental pond plant

Control Techniques

Can be controlled manually, mechanically or herbicidally depending on situation.

Life Cycle and Dispersal

Perennial. Vegetative spread by creeping stem growth and fragmentation. Deliberate plantings.

Attribution

Factsheet prepared by Paul Champion and Deborah Hofstra (NIWA).

References and further reading

Champion et al (2012). Freshwater Pests of New Zealand.  NIWA publication. http://www.niwa.co.nz/freshwater-and-estuaries/management-tools/identification-guides-and-fact-sheets/freshwater-pest-species.

Johnson PN, Brooke PA (1989).  Wetland plants in New Zealand.   DSIR Field Guide, DSIR Publishing, Wellington. 319pp.

Aston, H (1977).  Aquatic plants of Australia. Melbourne University Press, 367pp.

Clayton, J.S.; Tanner, C.C. (1985). Nymphoides geminata (R. Sr.) Kuntze in New Zealand. NZJ Botany 23: 187-190.

This page last updated on 30 Jul 2014