Species
Deschampsia cespitosa
Etymology
Deschampsia: after Deschamps
Common Name(s)
tufted hair-grass, wavy hair-grass
Current Conservation Status
2012 - At Risk - Declining
Conservation status of New Zealand indigenous vascular plants, 2012
The conservation status of all known New Zealand vascular plant taxa at the rank of species and below were reassessed in 2012 using the New Zealand Threat Classification System (NZTCS). This report includes a statistical summary and brief notes on changes since 2009 and replaces all previous NZTCS lists for vascular plants. Authors: Peter J. de Lange, Jeremy R. Rolfe, Paul D. Champion, Shannel P. Courtney, Peter B. Heenan, John W. Barkla, Ewen K. Cameron, David A. Norton and Rodney A. Hitchmough. File size: 792KB
Previous Conservation Status
2009 - At Risk - Declining
2004 - Gradual Decline
Qualifiers
2012 - CD, SO
2009 - SO, CD
Authority
Deschampsia cespitosa (L.) P.Beauv.
Family
Poaceae
Flora Category
Vascular - Native
DESCAE
The
National Vegetation Survey (NVS) Databank is a physical archive and electronic databank containing records of over 94,000 vegetation survey plots - including data from over 19,000 permanent plots. NVS maintains a standard set of species code abbreviations that correspond to standard scientific plant names from the Ngä Tipu o Aotearoa - New Zealand Plants database.
Structural Class
Grasses
Synonyms
Aira cespitosa L., Aira australis Raoul, Deschampsia penicillata Kirk, D. cespitosa var. Macrantha Hack.
Distribution
Indigneous. New Zealand: North, South, Stewart and Chatham Islands - generally scarce in the northern third of the South Island and highly threatened on Chatham Island. Otherwise at times (especially in Southland and Fiordland) locally common
Habitat
Wetlands and lake margins. Coastal to subalpine damp grass or sedge swards near lakes, rivers and swamps. Also found in estuarine margin communities.
Features
A stiffly erect green to yellow-green tussock, which stands 20–50 cm tall. The leaves are narrow (1–4 mm wide) and are flat or partly rolled and dull green above and bright green beneath and rough to touch. An attractive grass with blonde flowering heads 1 m or more tall that occur in January. Seed is produced in February.
Similar Taxa
Tall fescue (Schedonorus arundinacea) can look similar when in seed, but this species has a taller seed head and the leaves are much larger and broader than tufted hair-grass. Common UK forms of Deschampsia sold in garden centres, often as impostors for the NZ form have a chromosome number of 2n=48. The NZ plant is more erect, with a lower vernalisation requirement and a greater susceptibility to stem rust disease (Puccinia graminis).
Flowering
January
Fruiting
February
Propagation Technique
Easily grown by the division of whole plants and from fresh seed. Rather hardy, and despite its natural restrcition to wetlands, it will grow in motys soils and moisture regimes.
Threats
Very palatable to farm and feral stock. Grazing and trampling by cattle is the chief cause of decline. Contamination or replacement of NZ forms of Deschampsia with imported forms is also a serious risk.
Chromosome No.
2n = 26
Endemic Taxon
No
Endemic Genus
No
Endemic Family
No
Life Cycle and Dispersal
Florets are wind dispersed (Thorsen et al., 2009).
Where To Buy
New Zealand plants are occasionally sold by some specialist native plant nurseries. However, the majority of D. cespitosa sold by mainline commercial nurseries while this species are not the New Zealand plant, and appear to be of European origin.
Taxonomic notes
Although New Zealand plants are treated as D. cespitosa, this is in the broad sense, the "species" is cosmopolitan and highly variable throughout its range with respect to morphology, chromosome number and habitat preferences. New Zealand plants are notable because they are highly palatable to introduced browsing mammals, this is of interest as the same "species" in other parts of the world is considered to be a serious pastoral weed, virtually untouched by livestock, deer etc. This suggests a chemical difference, certainly nrDNA ITS sequences and C-values obtained from New Zealand plants do not match that reported from this species from other parts of the world, nor do our plants match horticultural imports now popular in the nursery trade. Thus the situation is not as simple as implied in Edgar & Connor (2000). Further research into the status of our plants is needed.
Attribution
Fact Sheet prepared by P.J. de Lange 1 July 2005.
References and further reading
Edgar, E.; Connor, H.E. 2000: Flora of New Zealand. Vol. V. Grasses. Christchurch, Manaaki Whenua Press. 650 pp.
Thorsen, M. J.; Dickinson, K. J. M.; Seddon, P. J. 2009. Seed dispersal systems in the New Zealand flora. Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics 11: 285-309
This page last updated on 28 Sep 2015